お月見は、旧暦8月15日の満月の夜に行われる行事です。（現在では、だいたい9月に相当）
Otsukimi is a festival celebrated on the night of the full moon on August 15th by the lunar calendar. (It’s mainly September by the solar calendar. )
十五夜/Jugoya
月齢15日の夜に月を眺めるので「十五夜」と呼ばれます。
The moon is viewed on the night of the 15th day of the lunar phase, so it is called the ‘Jugoya’ 15th night.
旧暦での秋は、7月・8月・9月。
旧暦8月、つまり中の秋のことを「仲秋(ちゅうしゅう)」と呼び、旧暦8月15日のことを「中秋(ちゅうしゅう)」と呼ぶので、お月見の十五夜は「中秋の名月」とも言われます。
According to the lunar calendar, autumn is July, August, and September.
August in the lunar calendar, or mid-autumn, is called “仲秋/chushu,’’ and August 15th in the lunar calendar is called “中秋/chushu,’’ so the 15th night of moon viewing is also called “中秋の名月/the harvest moon of mid-autumn.”
窓辺に薄/芒(すすき)、お団子、里芋、季節の果物などを供え、月の美しさを愛でながら願いごとをします。
We offer to the moon Susuki, Dumplings, Taros and seasonal fruits near the window, admiring the beauty of the moon and make wishes.
十五夜の習慣は、もともと古代中国から伝わったと言われています。
It is said that the custom of celebrating the 15th night originally came from ancient China.
十三夜/Jusanya
日本では旧暦9月13日の夜に、満月になる少し前の月を愛でる習慣があります。
月齢13日の夜に月を眺めるので「十三夜」と呼ばれます。
In Japan, there is a custom on the night of September 13th by the lunar calendar to admire the moon, which is just before it becomes full.
It is called ‘Jusanya’ ‘The Thirteenth Night’ because the moon is seen on the night of the 13th day of the lunar phase.
別名（異名）/Alias
十五夜/‘Jugoya’ 15th night
芋名月(いもめいげつ)/Imo-Meigetsu
この時の芋は、里芋のこと。
The tuber at this time is taro.
十三夜/‘Jusanya’ ‘The Thirteenth Night’
栗名月(くりめいげつ)/Kuri-Meigetsu(Chestnut Meigetsu)
豆明月(まめめいげつ)/Mame-Meigetsu(Bean Meigetsu)
十三夜は栗や豆が収穫される時期なので、栗名月(くりめいげつ)や豆明月(まめめいげつ)と呼ばれます。
Thirteenth Night is the time when chestnuts and beans are harvested, so it is called Chestnut Meigetsu or Bean Meigetsu.
また「後(のち)の月」とも呼ばれる十三夜。
これは旧暦8月15日の「中秋の名月」の後に眺める月だからです。
The 13th night is also called the “later moon.’’
This is because it is the moon seen after the “Harvest Moon” on August 15th of the lunar calendar.
お月見いろいろ/Types of moon viewing
十五夜または十三夜だけ愛でる月見を「片月見」と呼びます。
（片方だけの月見は縁起がよくない、と言われます）
十五夜も十三夜も両方ともお月見を楽しみたいですね。
また地方によっては、旧暦10月10日の月を眺める「十日夜(とおかんや)」という習慣もあります。
Moon viewing that can be enjoyed only on the fifteenth or thirteenth night is called “Katatsukimi.’’
(It is said that viewing the moon on only one side is not good luck.)
We would like to enjoy moon viewing on both the 15th and 13th nights.
Additionally, in some regions, there is a custom called “十日夜/Tokanya,’’ when people look at the moon on October 10th of the lunar calendar.
