二十四節気(にじゅうしせっき)/24 Solar Terms
二十四節気(にじゅうしせっき)は、季節の変化を表す24の指標（太陽暦の要素）
・古代中国でつくられた季節の区分法
・黄道（地球から見て太陽が移動する天球上の経路）を基準に、1年を24等分して気候の推移を示した
・各節気の1期間は約15日
・黄河流域の季節・気候に基づいた区分であるため、日本とはズレがある
・古くから農作業の目安とされてきた
The 24 solar terms are 24 indicators (elements of the solar calendar) that represent seasonal changes.
・A method of dividing seasons created in ancient China
・Divide the year into 24 equal parts based on the ecliptic (the path the sun travels on the celestial sphere as seen from the earth) to show changes in climate
・One period of each solar term is approximately 15 days.
・Since the classification is based on the seasons and climate of the Yellow River basin, there is a discrepancy with Japan.
・It has been used as a guide for agricultural work since ancient times.
七十二候(しちじゅうにこう)/72 pentads
七十二候(しちじゅうにこう)は、二十四節気(にじゅうしせっき)を細分化したもの
・各1気を初候・次候・末候と3等分するので72個になる
・二十四節気の「気」と七十二候の「候」で「気候」
・春秋時代（古代中国）に源流があると伝えられる
・各候は約5日
・動植物の変化や自然現象の推移を表す
・中国伝来のままでは日本の季節とのズレが大きく、江戸時代に渋川春海（しぶかわはるみ）らによって、日本の風土にあった「本朝七十二候」が作成された
漢詩で時節を表すので、見慣れない読みも多く、意味も分かりづらく感じます。
72 pentads are a subdivision of the 24 solar terms.
・Divide each qi(気) into three equal parts: first, second, and last, resulting in 72 pieces.
・”Climate(気候)” is expressed by the “ki(気)” of the 24 solar terms and the “kou(候)’’ of the 72 seasons.
・It is said to have its origins in the Spring and Autumn period (ancient China)
・Approximately 5 days for each case.
・Represents changes in animals and plants and trends in natural phenomena.
・It was originated in China, there would be a big discrepancy with the seasons in Japan, so in the Edo period, Harumi Shibukawa and others created the “72 Seasons of the Honcho” that matched the Japanese climate.
Since the seasons are expressed in Chinese poetry, there are many unfamiliar readings, and the meanings can be difficult to understand.
